Shoulder

The three bones which form the shoulder girdle are the clavicle, the scapula and the humerus.

There are four main joints in the shoulder girdle, these are: Glenohumeral Joint), Acromioclavicular Joint, sternoclavicular Joint and scapulothoracic Joint

The head of the shoulder is a relatively large sphere relative to the cup-shaped socket. Therefore, a strong rotator cuff ensure that the shoulder remain stable. The head and the socket of the shoulder are covered with a layer of cartilage. A glenoid has a sort of extra cushion around the rim of the cup, the labrum. This 'shoulder meniscus’ provides extra stability of the joint.

The shoulder capsule a strong layer that provides some stability to the joint and ensures that the shoulder has a very broad range of motion, without being dislocated. Between the cuff and the shoulder muscle is an important bursa positioned and if inflammation occurs in this area causes a lot of pain.